Understanding Phonological Processes

What are phonological processes?

Phonological processes, as defined by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), are “predictable, rule-based errors” that children make in order to simplify words when they are first learning a language. Our brains are unique in that they are organized for language and communication. When little humans go through the process of language acquisition, they learn certain rules based on that language’s specifications. Sometimes these “rules” are implicitly learned, and sometimes they need to be explicitly taught. 

Here are some common examples of phonological processes: 

Fronting: 

Fronting is when a sound that is supposed to be produced in the back of the mouth (e.g. a “k” or a “g” sound) is produced in the front of the mouth (e.g. a “t” or “d” sound). Ex: “Go” becomes “toe”. 

Gliding: 

Gliding is when an “l” or an “r” is substituted with a “w” or a “y” sound. Ex: “Lion” becomes “wion”, or “rabbit” becomes “wabbit”. 

Cluster Reduction: 

Cluster reduction is when one sound in a consonant cluster, or group of consecutive consonants, is dropped in order to simplify the word. Ex: “Stop” becomes “top”. 

These are common examples of how children simplify words in order to communicate. In typical language acquisition, these processes are phased out as the child develops adult-like speech. When these processes continue past a certain age (which is contingent on the specific phonological process in question), it is recommended that you work with a speech therapist to remediate these sounds. 

If you have questions about your child’s speech, feel free to contact us and schedule a free 15-minute consultation. We would be happy to answer any questions you may have.

References: 

https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/articulation-and-phonology/